What Animals Can Be Registered As A Service Animal

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Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals

Where are they allowed and nether what conditions?

 Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Center
A program of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This manual is dedicated to the memory of Pax, a devoted guide dog, and to all the handler and domestic dog teams working together across the nation. Guide dogs make information technology possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, freedom and dignity.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over ten years. Together they negotiated countless decorated intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and small. His expert guiding kept his handler from injury on more than one occasion. He accompanied his handler to business organisation meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself as would any highly-trained guide dog. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the starting time dog to fly in the cabin of a domestic aircraft to Uk, a land that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was born in the kennels of The Seeing Heart in the beautiful Washington Valley of New Jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family for about a year where he learned bones obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of customs life—the same experiences he would soon face up as a guide canis familiaris. He then went through 4 months of intensive grooming where he learned how to guide and ensure the safe of the person with whom he would exist matched. In November 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked as a team until Pax'due south retirement in Jan 2012, afterwards a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler's family, where he lived with 2 other dogs. His life was full of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his death in January 2014.

It is the sincere promise of Pax'due south handler that this guide volition be useful in improving the understanding about service animals, their purpose and role, their extensive training, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to feel the aforementioned access to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others take for granted.

I.  Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may use service animals and emotional support animals for a variety of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal ceremonious rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service animal. These laws, as well equally instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the concluding section of this publication. Many states too accept laws that provide a unlike definition of service fauna. You should check your state's law and follow the law that offers the nigh protection for service animals.  The document discusses service animals in a number of different settings equally the rules and allowances related to admission with service animals will vary according to the law applied and the setting.

II. Service Animal Divers past Championship II and Title Iii of the ADA

A service brute means whatsoever dog that is individually trained to practice work or perform tasks for the do good of an individual with a disability, including a concrete, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Tasks performed can include, among other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a audio, reminding a person to take medication, or pressing an lift button.

Emotional support animals, comfort animals, and therapy dogs are not service animals under Title 2 and Title III of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are not considered service animals either. The work or tasks performed past a service animal must exist directly related to the private'southward disability. It does not affair if a person has a note from a physician that states that the person has a inability and needs to accept the animal for emotional back up. A doctor's letter does not turn an brute into a service animal.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA'south definition of "service beast" because they have been specifically trained to perform a task for the person with a disability:

· Guide Domestic dog or Seeing Centre® Dog¹ is a advisedly trained dog that serves as a travel tool for persons who have severe visual impairments or are blind.

· Hearing or Signal Dog is a dog that has been trained to alert a person who has a significant hearing loss or is deaf when a audio occurs, such every bit a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Dog is a dog that has been trained to perform tasks that assist individuals with disabilities to detect the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed past psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to take medicine, providing safety checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Postal service Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting self-mutilation by persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory indicate dogs or social signal dog) is a dog trained to aid a person with autism. The dog alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements common among those with autism, allowing the person to stop the movement (due east.g., manus flapping).

· Seizure Response Domestic dog is a canis familiaris trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the dog serves the person depends on the person's needs. The dog may stand guard over the person during a seizure or the dog may go for assistance. A few dogs have learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in accelerate to sit down or move to a safe place.

Under Title Two and III of the ADA, service animals are limited to dogs. Still, entities must make reasonable modifications in policies to permit individuals with disabilities to utilize miniature horses if they take been individually trained to do work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

III. Other Support or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Support Animals or Condolement Animals are often used every bit role of a medical handling plan as therapy animals, they are non considered service animals under the ADA. These back up animals provide companionship, relieve loneliness, and sometimes help with depression, anxiety, and certain phobias, but practise not accept special training to perform tasks that assist people with disabilities. Fifty-fifty though some states accept laws defining therapy animals, these animals are not limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are non covered by federal laws protecting the use of service animals.  Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, usually in a clinical setting, to better their physical, social, emotional, and/or cognitive performance.

IV. Handler'due south Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service animal. If a service animate being behaves in an unacceptable way and the person with a disability does not command the animal, a business organisation or other entity does not have to allow the animal onto its premises. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running away from the handler are examples of unacceptable beliefs for a service beast. A concern has the right to deny access to a dog that disrupts their business organisation. For case, a service canis familiaris that barks repeatedly and disrupts some other patron's enjoyment of a moving-picture show could be asked to go out the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service animal when the animal's behavior poses a direct threat to the health or condom of others. If a service brute is growling at other shoppers at a grocery store, the handler may be asked to remove the animate being.

· The ADA requires the animate being to be nether the control of the handler.  This tin can occur using a harness, leash, or other tether.  Withal, in cases where either the handler is unable to concur a tether because of a inability or its utilize would interfere with the service animal's safe, constructive performance of work or tasks, the service animal must be under the handler'south control by some other means, such as vocalization control.²

· The brute must be housebroken.³

· The ADA does not require covered entities to provide for the care or supervision of a service animal, including cleaning up after the animate being.

· The animal should exist vaccinated in accord with state and local laws.

· An entity may as well assess the blazon, size, and weight of a miniature horse in determining whether or not the horse will exist immune access to the facility.

V. Handler's Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles 2 and Three of the ADA makes it clear that service animals are allowed in public facilities and accommodations. A service animal must be allowed to accompany the handler to any place in the building or facility where members of the public, plan participants, customers, or clients are allowed. Even if the business or public plan has a "no pets" policy, it may not deny entry to a person with a service brute. Service animals are not pets. So, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, it does non allow a business to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service animate being enters a public facility or place of public accommodation, the person cannot be asked nearly the nature or extent of his inability. Just two questions may be asked:

1. Is the animal required considering of a disability?

2. What piece of work or job has the creature been trained to perform?

These questions should not be asked, still, if the animate being'south service tasks are obvious. For example, the questions may not exist asked if the dog is observed guiding an individual who is blind or has depression vision, pulling a person's wheelchair, or providing assistance with stability or residuum to an individual with an observable mobility disability.⁴

A public adaptation or facility is not allowed to ask for documentation or proof that the animal has been certified, trained, or licensed equally a service beast. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs do not apply to service animals.^v

A identify of public accommodation or public entity may not ask an individual with a inability to pay a surcharge, even if people accompanied by pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot crave anything of people with service animals that they practise non require of individuals in general, with or without pets. If a public accommodation normally charges individuals for the damage they cause, an individual with a disability may exist charged for damage caused by his or her service animate being.⁶

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment discrimination because of a disability. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Assuasive an individual with a disability to have a service animate being or an emotional support animal accompany them to work may be considered an adaptation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Committee (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Title I), does not have a specific regulation on service animals.^vii In the case of a service animal or an emotional support animal, if the disability is not obvious and/or the reason the animal is needed is non clear, an employer may request documentation to establish the existence of a disability and how the animal helps the individual perform his or her chore.

Documentation might include a detailed description of how the animal would help the employee in performing task tasks and how the animal is trained to deport in the workplace.  A person seeking such an accommodation may suggest that the employer allow the animal to accompany them to work on a trial basis.

Both service and emotional support animals may exist excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a direct threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Deed (FHA) protects a person with a disability from discrimination in obtaining housing. Under this constabulary, a landlord or homeowner's clan must provide reasonable accommodation to people with disabilities and so that they have an equal opportunity to savor and use a domicile.^eight Emotional support animals that practice non qualify as service animals under the ADA may nonetheless qualify equally reasonable accommodations under the FHA.^ix In cases when a person with a inability uses a service fauna or an emotional support animal, a reasonable accommodation may include waiving a no-pet dominion or a pet deposit.^ten This animal is not considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner'southward association may not ask a housing applicant about the existence, nature, and extent of his or her inability. However, an individual with a disability who requests a reasonable accommodation may be asked to provide documentation so that the landlord or homeowner's clan can properly review the accommodation request.¹¹ They tin ask a person to certify, in writing, (1) that the tenant or a member of his or her family is a person with a disability; (2) the need for the animal to help the person with that specific disability; and (3) that the animate being actually assists the person with a disability.  It is important to go along in mind that the ADA may apply in the housing context equally well, for example with student housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would not be permitted with regard to an animate being that qualifies equally a "service animal."

d) Pedagogy

Service animals in public schools (1000-12) ^thirteen – The ADA permits a student with a disability who uses a service animal to have the animal at school.  In improver, the Individuals with Disabilities Pedagogy Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allow a student to employ an fauna that does not meet the ADA definition of a service animal if that student'south Individual Teaching Plan (IEP) or Section 504 team decides the animal is necessary for the student to receive a complimentary and appropriate didactics.  Where the ADA applies, all the same, schools should exist mindful that the utilise of a service animal is a correct that is not dependent upon the determination of an IEP or Department 504 team.¹⁴

Emotional support animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom immune to accompany students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does non contemplate the use of animals other than those meeting the definition of "service animal."  Ultimately, the decision whether a student may apply an brute other than a service animal should be made on a instance-by-instance footing by the IEP or Section 504 team.

Service animals in postsecondary education settings – Nether the ADA, colleges and universities must allow people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may have a policy request students who apply service animals to contact the schoolhouse's Disability Services Coordinator to register equally a student with a disability. College educational activity institutions may not require any documentation well-nigh the training or certification of a service creature. They may, yet, require proof that a service animal has any vaccinations required by state or local laws that utilise to all animals.

e) Transportation

A person traveling with a service animal cannot be denied access to transportation, fifty-fifty if at that place is a "no pets" policy. In addition, the person with a service animal cannot be forced to sit down in a particular spot; no additional fees can be charged because the person uses a service animal; and the customer does not have to provide advance notice that s/he will exist traveling with a service animate being.

The laws apply to both public and private transportation providers and include subways, fixed-route buses, Paratransit, runway, light-rail, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the finish of 2020, the U.S. Section of Transportation (DOT) announced that it revised its Air Carrier Admission Human action regulation on the transportation of service animals by air. We are working to update the information provided below to align with the changes. While nosotros take the time to update our information, check out a summary of the changes bachelor on DOT'south website. You can also find some additional data in DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection'due south article about service animals.

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) requires airlines to permit service animals and emotional back up animals to accompany their handlers in the cabin of the aircraft.

Service animals – For evidence that an animal is a service brute, air carriers may ask to run across identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or ask for verbal assurances from the individual with a disability using the beast. If airline personnel are uncertain that an animal is a service brute, they may ask one of the following:

1. What tasks or functions does your brute perform for you?

2. What has your brute been trained to do for you lot?

3. Would you depict how the animal performs this task for you? ¹⁵

Emotional support and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional back up animals or psychiatric service animals may need to provide specific documentation to establish that they have a disability and the reason the animal must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional support or psychiatric animals should contact the airline alee of time to detect out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may be requested past the airline: Current documentation (non more than 1 year old) on letterhead from a licensed mental health professional person stating (one) the passenger has a mental wellness-related inability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV); (2) having the creature accompany the passenger is necessary to the rider'south mental wellness or treatment; (3) the private providing the assessment of the passenger is a licensed mental health professional and the passenger is nether his or her professional person intendance; and (4) the date and type of the mental wellness professional'due south license and the state or other jurisdiction in which it was issued.¹⁶ This documentation may be required as a status of permitting the beast to back-trail the passenger in the cabin.

Other animals – According to the ACAA, airlines are not required otherwise to behave animals of whatsoever kind either in the cabin or in the cargo hold. Airlines are complimentary to adopt any policy they choose regarding the carriage of pets and other animals (for example, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicable requirements (for example, the Animal Welfare Act).

Animals such as miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may be considered service animals. A carrier must decide on a example-past-example basis according to factors such as the fauna's size and weight; state and strange country restrictions; whether or not the animate being would pose a directly threat to the wellness or safety of others; or cause a fundamental alteration in the motel service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines ahead of travel to detect out what is permitted.

Airlines are not required to transport unusual animals such every bit snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Strange carriers are non required to transport animals other than dogs.^eighteen

Half-dozen. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fearfulness of dogs are not valid reasons for denying access or refusing service to people using service animals.  If employees, fellow travelers, or customers are afraid of service animals, a solution may exist to permit enough space for that person to avoid getting close to the service creature.

Most allergies to animals are acquired past direct contact with the fauna. A separated infinite might be adequate to avert allergic reactions.

If a person is at risk of a pregnant allergic reaction to an animate being, it is the responsibleness of the business or government entity to find a way to accommodate both the private using the service animal and the private with the allergy.

Seven. Service Animals in Training

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Deed (ACAA) does not allow "service animals in preparation" in the cabin of the shipping because "in grooming" status indicates that they do not yet encounter the legal definition of service animal. All the same, like pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in preparation vary. Some airlines permit qualified trainers to bring service animals in training aboard an shipping for training purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and get familiar with their policies.

 b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may be obligated to let employees to bring their "service animal in training" into the workplace as a reasonable adaptation, especially if the animal is being trained to help the employee with piece of work-related tasks. The untrained brute may exist excluded, however, if it becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Championship 2 and Three of the ADA does not cover "service animals in training" just several states have laws when they should be allowed access.

VIII. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title II of the ADA covers state and local government facilities, activities, and programs. Championship Three of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Deed covers federal government facilities, activities, and programs. It also covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Title Two and Title Iii Complaints – These tin can be filed through private lawsuits in federal courtroom or directed to the U.S. Department of Justice.

U.S. Section of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Civil Rights Division
Disability Rights Section – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://world wide web.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (5)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must be made to the specific federal bureau that oversees the program or funding.

b) Employment

Championship I of the ADA and Department 501 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination in employment. The ADA covers individual employers with fifteen or more employees; Section 501 applies to federal agencies, and Department 504 applies to whatever program or entity receiving federal fiscal assist.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Committee (EEOC) inside 180 days of an alleged violation of the ADA. This deadline may be extended to 300 days if there is a state or local fair employment practices agency that likewise has jurisdiction over this matter. Complaints may exist filed in person, by mail, or by phone by contacting the nearest EEOC part. This number is listed in most telephone directories under "U.S. Government." For more than information:

http://world wide web.eeoc.gov/contact/index.cfm
800-669-4000 (voice)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Section 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their bureau'southward Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officer within 45 days of an declared Section 501 violation.

Section 504 Complaints – These must be filed with the federal agency that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Off-white Housing Act (FHA), as amended in 1988, applies to housing. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal government or receive federal financial assistance. Title 2 of the ADA applies to housing provided by land or local regime entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may be filed with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Office of Off-white Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://world wide web.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (vocalism)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Instruction

Students with disabilities in public schools (K-12) are covered by Individuals with Disabilities Instruction Human activity (IDEA), Championship 2 of the ADA, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary teaching are covered past Championship II and Section 504.  Title III of the ADA applies to private schools (Thousand-12 and post-secondary) that are not operated past religious entities. Private schools that receive federal funding are likewise covered by Department 504.

IDEA Complaints - Parents can request a due procedure hearing and a review from the state educational agency if applicable in that state. They also can entreatment the state agency's decision to state or federal court. Yous may contact the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for further information or to provide your own thoughts and ideas on how they may better serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more data contact:

Function of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

U.S. Department of Education

400 Maryland Artery, S.Due west.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (voice)

Championship II of the ADA and Section 504 Complaints - The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Department of Education enforces Title Ii of the ADA and Department 504 equally they apply to education. Those who accept had access denied due to a service animal may file a complaint with OCR or file a private lawsuit in federal court. An OCR complaint must be filed inside 180 calendar days of the date of the alleged bigotry, unless the fourth dimension for filing is extended for proficient crusade. Earlier filing an OCR complaint against an institution, an individual may want to find out about the institution'due south grievance process and utilize that process to accept the complaint resolved. However, an individual is non required by constabulary to use the institutional grievance procedure earlier filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance procedure and so chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must be filed with OCR within threescore days after the terminal act of the institutional grievance process.

For more information contact:

U.S. Department of Education

Role for Ceremonious Rights

400 Maryland Avenue, S.West.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Customer Service: 800-421-3481 (voice)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

Due east-mail: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/listing/ocr/docs/howto.html

Championship Three Complaints – These may exist filed with the Department of Justice.

U.Southward. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Artery, North.W.

Civil Rights Division

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

e) Transportation

Title Ii of the ADA applies to public transportation while Title III of the ADA applies to transportation provided by private entities. Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Championship Ii and Section 504 Complaints – These may be filed with the Federal Transit Administration's Office of Civil Rights. For more information, contact:

Manager, FTA Office of Ceremonious Rights

Eastward Building – 5th Flooring, TCR

1200 New Bailiwick of jersey Ave., S.E.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Assist Line: 888-446-4511 (Voice)
800-877-8339 (Federal Information Relay Service)
http://world wide web.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://www.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Form)

Title Iii Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.Southward. Section of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Artery, Northward.W.

Civil Rights Partition

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Notation: A person does not have to file a complaint with the respective federal agency before filing a lawsuit in federal court.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Access Deed (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations clarify what animals are considered service animals and explain how each type of animal should be treated.

ACAA complaints may exist submitted to the Department of Transportation'due south Aviation Consumer Protection Segmentation. Air travelers who experience inability-related air travel service bug may call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (voice) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain assistance. Air travelers who would like the Department of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint almost a disability upshot must submit their complaint in writing or via east-mail to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Division
Attn: C-75-D
U.Due south. Department of Transportation
1200 New Bailiwick of jersey Ave, Due south.E.
Washington, DC 20590

For additional information and questions about your rights nether any of these laws, contact your regional ADA center at 800-949-4232 (vocalism/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were developed by the Southwest ADA Center under a grant (#H133A110027) from the Department of Pedagogy'due south National Institute on Inability and Rehabilitation Inquiry (NIDRR). However, those contents practice not necessarily stand for the policy of the Department of Education and you lot should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.

Southwest ADA Center at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Research Eye
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (voice/TTY)
800.949.4232 (vocalization/TTY)
http://world wide web.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Center is a program of ILRU (Independent Living Research Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann.  The Southwest ADA Middle is part of a national network of ten regional ADA Centers that provide upward-to-date information, referrals, resources, and training on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The centers serve a variety of audiences, including businesses, employers, government entities, and individuals with disabilities. Call 1-800-949-4232 five/tty to achieve the center that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This book is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Center would like to give thanks Jacquie Brennan (author), Ramin Taheri, Richard Petty, Kathy Gips, Emerge Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Chase, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Cognition Translation Center at the University of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

© Southwest ADA Center 2014. All rights reserved

Principal Investigator: Lex Frieden
Project Manager: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

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[ane] http://www.seeingeye.org

[two] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(iv); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[iii] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(ii); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(2).

[4] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(6).

[v] Meet 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak v. Aurelia, Metropolis of,  C xi-4111-MWB (N.D. Iowa December. 28, 2011)

[half dozen] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(eight).

[7] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may be an accommodation..."For example, it would be a reasonable accommodation for an employer to allow an private who is bullheaded to use a guide canis familiaris at work, even though the employer would non be required to provide a guide dog for the employee."

[8] 42 U.Southward.C. § 3604(f)(3)(B).

[9] Fair Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. v. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., three:09-cv-58 (D.N.D. Mar. 30, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of assistance animals regardless of training, including those that ameliorate a physical disability and those that improve a mental disability."

[ten] See Bronk v. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (7th Cir. 1995); HUD v. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Dark-green five. Housing Authority of Clackamas County, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[11] Hawn v. Shoreline Towers Stage 1 Condominium Association, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] See "Pet Ownership for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Register 208 (27 October 2008), pp. 63834-63838; Usa. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations under the Fair Housing Act: Joint Statement of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and Department of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.S. Section of Housing and Urban Development and U.Due south. Department of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://www.justice.gov/crt/nearly/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[13] Private schools that are non operated past religious entities are considered public accommodations. Please refer to Section V(a).

[14] Sullivan v. Vallejo City Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (E.D. Cal. 1990).

[15] "Guidance Apropos Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Register 90 (9 May 2003), p. 24875.

[sixteen] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(e).

[17] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[18] Id.

Source: https://adata.org/guide/service-animals-and-emotional-support-animals

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